9. Protection
NCEES Topic 9 (10–15 questions). Overcurrent, protective relaying, protective devices, coordination.
Chapters
Chapter
A. Overcurrent protection
Overcurrent coordination — 50/51 phase + 50N/51N ground, TCC curves, CTI margins.
Chapter
B. Protective relaying
Differential (87) + distance (21) + zone protection for transformers, motors, generators, lines, buses.
Chapter
C. Protective devices (fuses, breakers, reclosers)
Switchgear + breaker ratings + interrupting capacity, breaker-failure backup + auto-reclosing schemes.