Dashboard
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NCEES PE Power — Oct 2025 Blueprint
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8. Transmission and Distribution Analysis
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G. Power flow
G. Power flow
Y-bus formulation, Newton-Raphson power flow, optimal power flow (OPF) + SCED.
Lessons
Lesson 1
Y-bus and power flow
Bus admittance matrix, slack / PV / PQ bus classification, nonlinear power-flow equations, and the Newton-Raphson / Fast Decoupled / DC solution methods. Foundation of SCADA, planning, and electricity markets.
Lesson 2
Optimal Power Flow & SCED — LMPs, DAM/RTM markets
OPF: min Σ c_i·P_g,i s.t. power balance + V band + line MVA + gen caps. DC OPF (linear, <1 s) vs AC OPF (nonlinear, 10 s-5 min). SCOPF adds N-1 contingencies via Benders / iterative screening. LMP_k = ∂J/∂P_k = energy + congestion (PTDF·μ_line) + losses. Two-settlement: DAM (unit commitment MILP) + RTM (SCED every 5-15 min). Frontier: stochastic, chance-constrained, AC convex relaxations (SDP/SOCP), ML-warm-start, FERC 2222 DER aggregation.